Value in Nature and the Nature of Value

high volatility, thick tails and extreme value theory in value at risk estimation: the case of liability insurance in iran insurance company

در این بررسی ابتدا به بررسی ماهیت توزیع خسارات پرداخته میشود و از روش نظریه مقادیر نهایی برای بدست آوردن برآورد ارزش در معرض خطر برای خسارات روزانه بیمه مسئولیت شرکت بیمه ایران استفاده میشود. سپس کارایی نظریه مقدار نهایی در برآورد ارزش در معرض خطر با کارایی سایر روشهای واریانس ، کواریانس و روش شبیه سازی تاریخی مورد مقایسه قرار میگیرد. نتایج این بررسی نشان میدهند که توزیع ،garch شناخته شده مدل...

Finding Value in Nature

This paper explores the idea that a proper valuing of natural environments is essential to (and not just a natural basis for) a broader human virtue that might be called ʻappreciation of the goodʼ. This kind of valuing can explain, without any commitment to a metaphysics of intrinsic values, how and why it is good to value certain natural phenomena for their own sakes. The objection that such a...

Reframing the value of nature: biological value and institutional homeostasis

The importance of the economic valuation of nature is frequently propagated by arguing that more and better economic valuation will avoid the undervaluation and thereby the degradation of nature. In the approach considered 'economic', the assumptions on rationality, human interaction and the nature of the good remain unchanged although human-nature relationships need to change and biological an...

The nature and value of knowledge

The Nature and Value of Geographic Information

If geographic information is to be traded as a commodity, it must be possible to measure its quantity, to compare the contents of two data sets, and to perform other simple functions such as the measurement of similarity of content. Shannon-Weaver information theory is found to be inadequate for this purpose. In current practice geographic information is priced by such medium-dependent measures...